使用Django REST framework编写接口

Django Rest framework 流程介绍

1、 创建Models,也就是建立数据库

2、  Serialiers 序列化数据/反序列化数据(将数据库取出或者将请求过来的数据保存到数据库)

3、  ViewSet 根据客户端的请求(GET, POST),返回 Serialiers处理的数据

4、  Routers 注册ViewSet到url

5、  Urls

 

 

环境介绍

1、版本介绍

Python版本:

PS D:\project\djceleryt> python -V

Python 2.7.15

Django版本:

Django==1.11 

   Djangorestframeworka版本:

       Djangorestframework==3.4.0

2、  python插件安装

pip install Django==1.11

pip install Djangorestframework==3.4.0

3、  建立应用建立app

django-admin  startproject djceleryt

python manage.py startapp verify

4、  在verify目录中建立数据库

verify/models.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.db import models
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)
    sex = models.BooleanField()
    age = models.IntegerField()
    sc = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)

 

5、  建立serialiers

verify/serializers.py

#coding: utf-8
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
 from verify.models import *
 
 class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
     class Meta:
         model = User
         fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
 
 class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
     class Meta:
         model = Group
         fields = ('url', 'name')
 
 class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
     class Meta:
         model = Student
         #fields = ('name', 'sex', 'age', 'sc')
         fields = '__all__'
 
 

6、  view文件中建立ViewSets

    verify/views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.shortcuts import render
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
 from verify.models import *
 from rest_framework import viewsets
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from verify import serializers
 
 class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
     queryset =  User.objects.all()
     serializer_class = serializers.UserSerializer
 
 class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
     queryset = Group.objects.all()
     serializer_class = serializers.GroupSerializer
 
 class StudentViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
     queryset = Student.objects.all()
     serializer_class = serializers.StudentSerializer

7、  设置Routes

verify/urls.py

 from django.conf.urls import url, include
 from django.contrib import admin
 from rest_framework import routers
 from verify import views
 
 routers = routers.DefaultRouter()
 routers.register(r'student', views.StudentViewSet)
 urlpatterns = [
     url(r'', include(routers.urls)),
     #url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
 ]

 

8、  设置urls包含verify的urls

djceleryt/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
 from django.contrib import admin
 
 urlpatterns = [
     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
     url(r'^api/', include('verify.urls')),
 ]

 

9、  设置setting.py install

djceleryt/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
     'django.contrib.admin',
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.messages',
     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
     'rest_framework',
     'rest_framework.authtoken',
     'verify',
     'djcelery',
 ]

 

'verify'、framework'、rest_framework.authtoken(rest_framework框架认证使用)、'djcelery(异步任务)'为新增的app